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i.  Name .*, 

First  name  •  .*.     I       J  J  **••  *  * '.Ife^lMjam* 

2 .  Boy  or  girl  (or  man  or  woman) ...':' r.':.rr.*'.. .v. *  * 6pM6//. * 


3.  Age  last  birthday years      Birthday 

Month  Day 

4.  Teacher 

5.  School  (or  education) 

6.  City  or  town State 

7.  Date  of  this  test  


DOWNEY  GROUP 
WILL-TEMPERAMENT  TEST 

By  June  E.  Downey 

Professor  of  Psychology,  Universily  of  Wyoming 

WORLD  BOOK  COMPANY:  PUBLISHERS 

Yonkers-on-Hudson,  New  York 


TEST 


Copyright,  IQi^i,  by  World  Book  Company.     Copyright  in  Great  Britain 
All  rights  reserved.      DtiWTT:T-2 

PRINTED  IN  U.  S.  A. 


2  *  Downey  Group  WiU-Temperament  Test 

1  Draw  a  line  under  the  word  in  each  pair  which  more  nearly 
describes  you.  Take  the  pairs  in  order.  Dont  skip  any.  Speed 
doesn't  count. 

•1  Careful Careless 

2  Daring Cautious  • 

3  Ambitious Unambitious 

4  Selfish Unselfish 

5  Punctual Tardy 

6  Bad-tempered Sweet-tempered 

7  Accurate Inaccurate 

8  Industrious Lazy 

9  Vain Modest 

10  Constant Changeable 

11  Indifferent Enthusiastic 

12  Firm       Yielding 

13  Trustful Distrustful 

14  Cowardly Brave 

15  Clever Stupid 

16  Good  Memory Bad  Memory 

17  Self-distrustful      Self-confident 

18  Hasty Deliberate 

19  Observant Unobservant 

20  Sociable Unsociable 

21  Orderly      Disorderly 

22  Gloomy      ..........   Cheerful 

23  Patient Impatient 

24  Quick  in  thought Slow  in  thought 

25  Quick  in  movement Slow  in  movement 

26  Ready  to  forgive      Holds  a  grudge 

27  Fond  of  a  fight Avoids  a  fight 

28  Extravagant Saves  money 

29  Humble Proud 

30  Generous Stingy 


Downey  Group  WiU-Temperament  Test  3 

II     Write  your  name  as  directed  below.    Write  it  again  and 
again  until  the  signal  to  stop. 

1     Usual  style  and  speed. 


2    As  rapidly  as  possible. 


Ill     Write  your  name  as  slowly  as  possible.   If  you  finish  before 
the  signal,  begin  again. 


IV    Memory  Test. 


I.  Downey  Group  WiU-Temperament  Test 

Y  Write  "United  States  of  America"  on  the  line  below  as 
quickly  as  possible.  Both  speed  and  not  running  over  the  line 
count. 


VI     Write  "United  States  of  America"  as  directed  below.   Write 
it  again  and  again  until  the  signal  to  stop, 

1     Usual  style  and  speed. 


2    As  rapidly  as  possiblco 


Downey  Group  Win-TmvpemMenV'fii{\  5 

VII     Trace  as  slowly  as  possible  the  scroll  below.  3  trials. 
1 

A        .«.       ..«.       ..».       .»..      ..«..      .-•..      ,•••,       ,•••.      ..•••.      -••■.      .••-. 
\         '•■'        '*'         :•■'         '•:         ••'         .*."         '•"'        >■         >-■         ■•."         .•■ 


(gong 
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6  !^B62vn^  Group  WiU-Tempemment  Test 

VIII    Disguised  writing. 

1    Write  "United  States  of  America,"   in  a  hand  very 
unlike  your  own.   You  need  not  hurry. 


2  Practice  disguising  your  hand,  and  then  write  "United 
States  of  America  "  again.  Change  your  writing  as  much 
as  possible.  ^ 


Number 


Downey  Group  WiV(-fernpierammi'^ed\ 
Use  this  page  for  practice. 


8 


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10  :'Iic^h^^^Gr(Mp^WnUTemperament  Test 

X    Write  your  name  repeatedly  in  the  spaces  below  as  directed. 
Keep  writing  until  the  signal  to  stop. 

1    Eyes  open,  usual  style  and  speed. 


2    Eyes  closed,  usual  style  and  speed. 


3     Eyes  on  examiner's  pencil  while  counting  taps. 


4     Eyes  open  while  counting  number  of  times  examiner  repeats 
the  word  ''fly.'' 


The  word  "fly"  was  used times. 


Downey  Group  Wili-fefh'perarrterii  '^Te^t'^  11 

XI     Memory  Test.  ^ 

After  each  one  of  the  following  16  sentences  you  will  find 
the  words  "false"  and  "true."  If  you  think  what  a  sentence 
says  is  true,  draw  a  line  under  "true";  if  it  is  false,  draw  a 
line  under  "false." 

Example: 

I  read  you  a  list  of  words  early  in  the  test,     true  false 

This  is  a  true  statement,  and  the  word  "true"  is  under- 
lined. 

If  you  are  absolutely  sure  that  you  are  right,  draw  two 
lines  under  "true"  or  "false." 

Take  all  the  time  you  need  to  mark  the  sentences.  When 
you  have  marked  every  one,  hold  your  pencil  up  to  show 
that  you  have  finished. 

Don't  skip  any. 


1  I  read  you  a  list  of  10  words.  true  false 

2  Two  words  rimed — that  is,  ended  in  the  same  sound.  true  false 

3  The  first  word  in  the  list  was  hook.  true  false 

4  The  last  word  in  the  list  was  rose.  true  false 

5  The  word  collar  occurred  twice  in  the  list.  true  false 

6  The  longest  word  in  the  list  was  mountain,  true  false 

7  The  shortest  word  in  the  list  was  ice.  true  false 

8  Three  words  began  with  b.  true  false 

9  When  I  read  the  list  of  words,  I  was  standing  up.  true  false 

10  The  card  from  which  I  read  the  words  was  oblong.  true  false 

11  The  card  was  white.  true  false 

12  I  held  the  card  in  my  left  hand  while  reading.  true  false 

13  In  my  right  hand  I  held  a  pencil.  true  false 

14  I  tapped  with  the  pencil  at  every  word  I  read.  true  false 

15  After  reading  the  list  I  put  the  card  into  an  envelope.  true  false 

16  Then  I  sat  down,  true  false 

XII     Correcting  Memory  Test. 


1 2  *'  'Downey  Group  Will-  Temperament  Test 

XIII     Make  any  changes  you  •re  to  in  checking  Test  1, 


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DOWNEY  GROUP 
WILL-TEMPERAMENT  TEST 

Devised  by  June  E.  Downey,  Ph.D. 

Professor  of  Psychology,  University  of  Wyoming 

WORLD  BOOK  COMPANY:  PUBLISHERS 

Yonkers-on-Hudson,  New  York 


MANUAL  OF 
DIRECTIONS 


19     2     2 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

Introduction 3 

Directions  for  Giving  the  Group  Test o    .    .  3 

Test  I.   Speed  of  DecisioD 3 

Test  II.   Freedom  from  Load 4 

Test  III.   Writing  Name  at  Retarded  Speed 4 

Test  IV.   Memory  Test 5 

Test  V.   Coordination  of  Impulses 5 

Test  VI.   Speed  of  Movement  and  Freedom  from  Load    ...  5 

Test  VII.   Motor  Inhibition 6 

Test  VIII.   Flexibility  and  Volitional  Perseveration 6 

Test  IX.    Interest  in  Detail 7 

Test  X.    Motor  Impulsion       7 

Test  XL   Self-confidence 8 

Test  XII.   Non-compliance 9 

TestXIII.   Finality  of  Judgment      9 

Tentative  Scoring  of  Group  Test 10 

The  Will-Profile 15 


Copyright,  1922,  by  World  Book  Company.     Copyright  in  Great  Britain 
All  rights  reserved,     dgwtt  :  iw-1 


MANUAL  OF  DIRECTIONS 

INTRODUCTION 

The  author  advises  examiners  to  give  and  score  the  individual 
form  of  the  test  before  attempting  to  administer  the  group  form. 
For  a  discussion  of  the  significance  of  the  tests 'and  of  the  will- 
profile,  see  the  manual  accompanying  the  individual  form  of  the 
test  and  the  author's  The  Will-Temperament  and  Its  Testing.^ 

The  group  form  of  the  will-temperament  test  is  scored  on  the 
basis  of  the  amount  of  work  done  in  a  prescribed  time,  instead 
of  on  the  basis  of  the  time  needed  to  accomplish  a  prescribed 
task,  as  in  the  individual  form.  Except  for  the  modifications  made 
necessary  by  this  different  method  of  scoring,  the  two  forms  of 
the  test  parallel  each  other  very  closely.  Two  items  of  the  in- 
dividual form  could  not  be  adapted  for  group  use.  For  Resistance 
to  Opposition  a  test  for  Self-confidence  has  been  substituted;  for 
Reaction  to  Contradiction,  a  Non-compliance  test. 

DIRECTIONS  FOR  GIVING  THE  GROUP  TEST 

See  that  each  subject  is  provided  with  two  pencils.  One  may 
break  in  the  middle  of  a  test.  Erasers  are  not  needed. 

Always  give  the  oral  directions  exactly  according  to  instructions. 
In  the  beginning  say : 

"Please  fill  in  the  blank  on  the  front  of  the  examination  book- 
let, but  do  nothing  more  until  directions  are  given." 

When  all  have  finished,  say: 

"This  is  not  an  intelligence  test,  but  it  is  absolutely  necessary 
that  you  follow  directions  exactly.  Sometimes  you  will  be  asked 
to  work  rapidly,  sometimes  slowly,  sometimes  at  your  natural 
speed.  Follow  these  directions  precisely.  Begin  always  exactly 
at  the  signal  and  stop  immediately  when  I  say,  'Stop,'  without 
finishing  what  you  are  doing.  If  in  the  middle  of  a  word,  stop 
there.  Don't  take  time  even  to  finish  a  letter  when  the  signal  to 
stop  is  given.  Is  this  clear?  After  the  test  begins,  you  will  not  be 
allowed  to  ask  questions." 

Test  I.     Speed  of  Decision 

"Turn  over  the  page  to  Test  I.  Notice  that  there  are  two 
columns  of  words.  They  run  in  pairs,  thus:  Careful care- 
less; Daring cautious;  Ambitious unambitious,  etc. 

"You  are  to  draw  a  line  under  the  word  in  each  pair  which  more 
nearly  describes  you.   Underline  one  word  or  the  other  in  every  pair; 

1  Published  by  World  Book  Company,  Yonkers-on-Hudson,  New  York. 

3 

492124 


4  Downey  Group  Will-Temperament  Test 

one  always  describes  you  better  than  the  other.  Take  the  pairs 
in  order;  dont  skip  any.  Take  your  time.  Speed  doesn't  count. 
Ready  —  Begin." 

(Time  limit:  45  seconds.) 

When  the  time  is  up,  say  "Stop."  This  signal  is  to  be  given 
sharply  and  promptly  at  the  end  of  each  test. 

Test  II.     Freedom  from  Load 

1.  "Now  turn  to  Test  II,  Writing  your  Name.  Under  *I'  you 
are  to  write  your  name  as  you  sign  it  ordinarily,  in  your  usual 
style  and  at  your  usual  speed  —  just  the  way  you  naturally  write 
it.  Keep  on  writing  your  name  until  told  to  stop.  When  you 
finish  it,  dont  pause,  but  begin  again  at  once.  Keep  on  writing  it 
again  and  again  until  told  to  stop.   Ready  —  Begin." 

The  examiner  should  emphasize  the  above  instruction  and 
enforce  it  absolutely.  There  is  a  strong  tendency  to  stop  at  the 
completion  of  each  writing  of  the  name. 

(Time  limit:  20  seconds.) 

2.  "Under  *2'  you  are  to  write  your  name  just  as  rapidly  as 
you  possibly  can.  Write  it  just  as  many  times  as  you  can  from  the 
instant  I  give  the  signal  to  begin  until  I  give  the  signal  to  stop. 
Ready  — Go." 

The  examiner  should  give  a  suggestion  of  speed  in  reading  the 
directions.    ''Ready  —  Go"  should  be  given  with  a  snap. 
(Time  limit:  20  seconds.) 

Test  III.     Writing  Name  at  Retarded  Speed 

"  In  Test  III  you  are  to  write  your  name  just  as  slowly  as  you 
possibly  can  without  stopping  the  movement  of  the  pencil.  Re- 
member that  you  are  to  write  very,  very  slowly.  If  you  finish 
your  name  once,  begin  on  it  a  second  time.  Use  a  sharp  pencil. 
Ready  —  Start." 

The  examiner  gives  the  idea  of  retarded  movement  by  drawling 
the  directions. 

(Time  limit:  20  seconds.) 

Test  IV.     Memory  Test 

"Now  you  may  rest  your  hand  a  moment.  Pencils  up,  please. 
Listen  to  me.  I  am  going  to  read  you  a  list  of  10  words.  You  are 
to  remember  them  so  as  to  be  able  to  report  on  them  at  the  end 
of  the  test.    You  must  also  watch  very  carefully  everything  that  I 


Manual  of  Directions  5 

do  while  I  am  reading  the  words,  for  I  shall  ask  you  questions  about 
my  actions." 

Examiner  now  reads  slowly  (one  word  a  second)  from  an 
oblong  white  card  the  list  of  words  given  below.  He  stands  while 
reading,  holds  the  card  in  the  left  hand,  holds  a  pencil  in  the 
right  hand,  and  taps  at  every  word  read.  The  list  of  words  is  as 
follows: 

Book,  Collar,  Muff,  Ice,  Stove,  Collar,  Bluff,  Mountain, 
Bird,  Rose. 

"Now  listen  again.  I  am  going  to  read  the  list  a  second  time. 
Notice  the  first  and  last  word;  and  notice  also  if  any  word  is 
repeated  in  the  list,  whether  any  words  rime  (that  is,  end  in  the 
same  sound),  and  how  many  begin  with  B." 

After  the  second  reading,  which  in  every  detail  should  duplicate 
the  first  reading,  the  examiner  puts  the  card  into  an  envelope 
deliberately  and  sits  down.  a 

Test  V.     Co5rdination  of  Impulses 

**Turn  the  page  to  Test  V.  Look  at  the  short  line.  \ou  are  to 
write  on  that  short  line,  just  as  rapidly  as  you  can,  the  words 
'United  States  of  America.'  Write  out  the  words  in  full  and 
remember  there  are  two  things  you  must  do:  you  must  write  very 
rapidly,  and  you  must  keep  from  running  over  the  line.  Ready  — 
Go." 

(Time  limit:  7  seconds.) 

Test  VI.    Speed  of  Movement  and  Freedom  from  Load 

1.  "Test  VI  is  like  one  you  have  already  had.  Under  '1' 
write  'United  States  of  America'  in  your  usual  style  and  at  your 
usual  speed.  Write  continuously  from  the  signal  to  begin  until 
the  signal  to  stop.  Don't  hurry,  but  remember  to  write  the  phrase 
repeatedly  until  I  tell  you  to  stop.  Dont  pause  between  words  or 
phrases.^  Write  at  the  speed  at  which  you  naturally  write,  and 
keep  writing  all  the  time.     Ready  —  Begin." 

(Time  limit:  20  seconds.) 

2.  "Under  '2'  write  'United  States  of  America' 7115/05  rap ic?/y 
as  you  can  and  as  many  times  as  it  is  possible  from  the  signal  to 
begin  until  the  signal  to  stop.  Don't  pause  between  words ;i 
remember  to  write  just  as  rapidly  as  possible.  Ready  —  Go." 

^  The  examiner  must  be  sure  that  this  instruction  is  understood.  There  is  a  strong 
tendency  to  pause  at  the  end  of  each  word  and  phrase. 


6  Downey  Group  WiU-Temperament  Test 

As  in  Test  II,  the  examiner  should  suggest  speeding  by  voice 
and  manner. 

(Time  hmit:  20  seconds.) 


Test  VII.     Motor  Inhibition 

1.  "Turn  to  Test  YII.  Under  '1'  you  are  to  move  your  pencil 
along  the  dotted  line  just  as  slowly  as  you  possibly  can  and  still 
keep  the  pencil  moving.  Trace  the  scroll  as  if  you  were  writing, 
but  do  it  very,  very  slowly.  Be  sure  that  your  pencil  keeps  moving 
all  the  time.   Ready  —  Begin." 

The  examiner  should  suggest  retardation  by  drawling  the 
directions. 

(Time  limit:  30  seconds.) 

2.  "Now  under  *2'  try  a  second  time.  Move  the  pencil  just  as 
slowly  as  you  can  without  stopping  it.  Most  persons  go  more  slowly 
on  a  second  trial.     Ready  —  Begin." 

(Time  limit:  1  minute,  30  seconds.) 

3.  "Try  once  more.  This  is  your  last  chance;  do  your  very 
best.  Some  persons  can  spend  10  minutes  writing  their  names. 
Go  a^  slowly  as  you  possibly  can.  Ready  —  Begin." 

(Time  limit:  2  minutes,  30  seconds.) 

f 
Test  VIII.     Flexibility  and  Volitional  Perseveration 

1.  "Turn  the  page  to  Test  VIII,  Disguised  Handwriting:. 
Under  *1,'  write  'United  States  of  America'  in  a  style  very  unlike 
your  usual  one.  Change  your  writing  so  much  that  none  of  your 
friends  would  know  it.   Ready  —  Begin." 

(Time  limit:  50  seconds.) 

2.  "Before  writing  under  '2'  you  are  to  practice  on  page  7 
disguising  —  that  is,  changing  —  your  writing  of  'United  States 
of  America'  until  you  get  a  disguise  that  would  deceive  a  hand- 
writing expert. 

"When  you  are  satisfied  with  your  disguise,  look  up  at  the 
blackboard,  where  I  shall  be  writing  a  column  of  numbers,  and 
note  the  first  number  that  I  write  after  you  look  up.  Write  this 
number  in  the  space  where  it  says,  'Number'  on  page  6 . 

"Then  under  *2'  write  'United  States  of  America'  in  the  dis- 
guised hand  you  have  worked  out.  You  may  use  the  next  page  of 
your  booklet  for  practice.  Begin  now  with  your  practice." 


Manual  of  Directions  7 

At  this  point  the  examiner  should  note  the  time  by  his  watch, 
and  at  the  end  of  5  seconds  he  should  write  the  number  5  on  the 
blackboard.  At  the  end  of  each  succeeding  5  seconds  he  should 
write  the  number  of  seconds  which  have  elapsed,  in  a  column 
which  will  appear  thus: 

5 
10 
15 

20  etc.,  up  to  360 
(Time  limit:  6  minutes.) 

If  at  the  end  of  the  6  minutes  some  are  still  practicing  and  have 
not  written  the  phrase  opposite  2,  tell  them  that  this  may  be 
omitted,  but  that  they  shall  write  the  number  360  in  the  square 
on  page  6. 

3.  "Turn  the  page  to  Test  VIII,  3.  Observe  the  way  'United 
States  of  America'  is  written.  Under  '3'  you  are  to  imitate  the 
writing  just  as  rapidly  as  you  can.  Write  the  same  size  as  the 
sample  and  copy  it  over  and  over  until  the  signal  is  given  to  stop. 
Don't  pause  after  one  copying  before  beginning  a  second  time." 
(Time  limit:  1  minute.) 

Test  IX.     Interest  in  Detail 

1.  "In  Test  IX,  1,  you  are  to  copy  Model  A  just  as  exactly  as 
possible.  Speed  doesn't  count.  Work  carefully,  and  make  as 
good  a  copy  as  you  can.  If  you  should  finish  before  the  signal,  be 
sure  to  begin  a  second  time.   Ready  —  Begin." 

(Time  Hmit:  1  minute.) 

2.  "Under  '2'  copy  Model  B  as  well  as  you  can,  rapidly  or 
slowly,  as  you  prefer.  Just  choose  your  own  speed.  If  you  finish 
one  copy,  begin  a  second,  and  if  you  finish  a  second,  begin  a 
third  time.   Ready  —  Start." 

(Time  limit:  1  minute,  15  seconds.) 

Test  X.     Motor  Impulsion 

1.  "Turn  the  page  to  Test  X.  You  must  follow  directions  very 
carefully.  Under  '1'  write  your  name  just  as  you  wrote  it  in 
Test  II,  at  your  usual  speed  and  in  your  usual  style.  Write  it 
over  and  over  again  just  the  way  you  naturally  write  it,  until  the 
signal  to  stop.   Ready  —  Go." 

(Time  limit:  20  seconds.) 


8  Downey  Group  Will'Temperament  Test 

2.  "Now  write  your  name  again,  just  as  you  did  under  '1/ 
hut  with  your  eyes  closed.  You  must  place  your  pencil  in  position, 
so  that  when  I  give  the  signal  you  will  be  ready  to  begin.  Remem- 
ber to  write  your  name  again  and  again  during  the  time  between 
signals.  Dont  open  your  eyes  until  I  give  the  signal  to  stop. 
Ready  —  Close  eyes  —  Go." 

(Time  limit:  20  seconds.) 

3.  "Under  *3'  you  are  to  write  your  name  in  your  usual  way, 
but  while  you  are  doing  this  you  are  to  keep  your  eyes  fixed  on 
this  pencil  and  you  are  to  count  aloud  with  me  the  number  of 
times  I  tap  the  table  with  the  pencil.  Keep  your  eyes  on  the 
pencil  and  count  aloud.  Keep  on  writing  until  I  stop  tapping. 
Ready  — Go." 

Examiner  taps  on  the  table  slightly  faster  than  once  per  second. 
He  also  counts  aloud  vigorously. 

(Time  limit:  20  seconds.) 

4.  "Under  '4'  you  are  to  write  your  name  repeatedly  from  the 
signal  to  begin  until  the  signal  to  stop.  While  you  are  writing  I 
am  going  to  read  you  a  list  of  words  that  rime  with  'fly,'  such  as 
'die,'  'sigh,'  and  Tie.'  You  are  to  keep  track  of  the  number  of 
times  I  say  the  word  'fly.' 

"When  I  give  the  signal  to  stop,  record  the  number  of  times 
I  read  the  word  'fly.'  Dont  forget  to  keep  on  writing  your  name 
all  the  time.   Ready  —  Go." 

List  to  be  read  by  examiner: 
Fly,  die,  sigh,  sky,  fly,  fly,  fly,  my,  fly,  he,  die,  by,  fly,  fly,  high, 
fly,  cry,  fly,  sigh,  sigh,  fly,  nye,  my,  fly. 

The  examiner  should  time  his  reading  so  that  20  seconds  will  be 
required  to  go  through  the  list.  If  he  fails  to  complete  the  list,  he 
should  record  the  number  of  times  "fly"  was  read.  If  he  finishes 
before  the  end  of  the  20  seconds,  he  should  reread  part  of  the  list, 
recording  the  correct  nimaber  of  times  "fly"  was  pronounced. 
(Time  limit:  20  seconds.) 

Test  XI.     Self-confidence 

"Turn  to  Test  XI.  After  each  one  of  the  16  sentences  you  will 
find  the  words  'false'  and  'true.'  If  you  think  what  a  sentence 
says  is  true,  draw  a  line  under  'true';  if  it  is  false,  draw  a  line 
under  'false.' 

"For  example,  'I  read  you  a  list  of  words  early  in  the  test, 
true  false.' 


•  • '  Mxmddl  of  Tkrehtth'hs  9 

"This  is  a  true  statement,  and  the  word  'true'  is  underlined. 

*'If  you  are  absolutely  sure  that  you  are  right,  draw  two  lines 
under  'true'  or  *  false.' 

*' Take  all  the  time  you  need  to  mark  the  sentences.  When  you 
have  marked  every  one,  hold  your  pencil  up  to  show  that  you  have 
finished.     Doni  skip  any.'' 

Test  XII.     Non-compliance 

When  every  one  has  finished  Text  XI,  say: 

"Of  the  sentences  you  have  just  marked,  eight  are  false,  eight 
are  true.  You  may  correct  your  work  in  this  way :  Draw  a  circle 
around  any  'true'  or  'false'  that  you  made  a  mistake  in  marking, 
and  underline  the  other  word  instead.  For  example,  sentence  2 
reads,  *Two  of  the  words  in  the  list  rimed.'  If  this  was  false,  but 
you  underlined  the  word  'true,'  draw  a  circle  about  the  word 
'true'  and  underline  'false'  instead.^ 

"You  may  make  all  the  corrections  you  care  to,  so  as  to  mark 
eight  false  and  eight  true,  hut  dont  erase  any  marks.  Raise  your 
pencil  when  you  have  finished." 

The  examiner  should  give  time  for  all  to  make  any  changes 
they  desire.   Three  minutes  is  probably  sufficient. 

Test  XIII.     Finality  of  Judgment 

.  "Turn  to  Test  XIII.  When  the  signal  is  given  you  are  to  turn 
back  to  Test  I  and  make  any  changes  you  care  to  in  the  way 
you  marked  your  own  character  traits.  If  you  want  to  make  any 
changes,  draw  a  circle  around  the  word  you  marked  first  and 
underline  the  other  word  of  the  pair.^  When  you  have  finished, 
look  at  the  blackboard  and  write  in  the  space  marked  '  Number'  on 
page  12  the  first  number  I  write  after  you  look  up. 

"Now  turn  back  to  Test  I  and  make  what  changes  you  wish. 
Ready  —  Begin." 

At  this  point  the  examiner  should  note  the  time  by  his  watch, 
and  at  the  end  of  3  seconds  he  should  write  the  nimiber  3  on  the 
blackboard.  At  the  end  of  each  succeeding  3  seconds  he  should 
write  the  number  of  seconds  which  have  elapsed,  in  a  column 
which  will  appear  thus: 

3 

6 

9 
12  etc.,  up  to  108. 

1  With  children  below  the  9th  grade  the  illustration  should  be  put  on  the  blackboard 
and  explained. 


10  Downey  Group  Will-Teniperdmeht  Test 

After  reaching  114  the  examiner  quits  writing  and  tells  those 
who  have  not  finished  to  write  114  in  the  blank.  If  desired,  a 
little  further  time  may  then  be  allowed  for  the  checking. 

TENTATIVE  SCORING  OF  GROUP-TEST 

The  directions  for  scoring  are  to  be  used  in  conjunction  with 
the  table  on  page  16.  The  norms  were  obtained  from  an  approx- 
imately small  number  of  adults  and  are  only  tentative.  After 
more  extensive  application  of  the  tests,  material  will  be  at  hand 
for  establishing  norms  for  different  ages. 

Test  I.  Speed  of  Decision.  Checking  of  traits.  Scored  on 
number  of  decisions  made  in  time  limit.   See  table,  page  16. 

Test  II.  Normal  and  Speeded  Writing  of  Name.  Not  scored; 
given  as  practice  for  Test  VI. 

Test  III.  Retarded  Writing  of  Name.  Not  scored;  given  as 
preliminary  practice  for  Test  VII. 

Test  IV.  Memory  Test.  Not  scored;  given  in  preparation  for 
Test  XI. 

Test  V.  Coordination  of  Impulses.  Writing  "United  States  of 
America"  in  a  restricted  space  and  at  speeded  time.  Scored  on 
number  of  letters  omitted  or  over  the  hne.   See  table,  page  16. 

Note.  The  method  of  scoring  used  is  open  to  the  objection  that  it  fails  to  reckon 
with  variations  in  normal  speed  and  that  it  makes  no  distinction  between  those  who 
fail  to  finish  writing  the  phrase  through  lack  of  time  and  those  who  finish  but  run  over 
the  line. 

It  is  possible  to  correct  a  particular  record  or  to  note  the  quality  of  reaction  by 
the  following  procedure: 

Calculate  from  Test  VI  the  normal  and  speeded  time  for  writing  the  phrase  once. 
Using  these  values,  score  the  reaction  on  the  basis  of  the  norms  given  for  Test  V, 
in  the  Manual  of  Directions  for  the  Individual  Tests. 

Test  VI.  Speed  of  Movement  and  Freedom  from  Load.  Speed  of 
Movement  is  scored  from  VI.  1  on  the  number  of  letters  written 
at  normal  speed  within  the  time  limit.    See  table,  page  16. 

To  score  for  Freedom  from  Load,  find  the  ratio  between  the 
number  of  letters  written  at  normal  speed  (VI.  1)  and  the  number 
written  during  the  speeded  trial  (VI.  2).  Score  this  in  accordance 
with  the  norms  given  in  table,  page  16. 

Test  VII.  Motor  Inhibition.  Scored  on  third  trial  according 
to  norms  given  in  table.  Each  scroll  is  divided  into  33  equal  units, 
and  the  scoring  is  based  on  the  number  of  units  traced. 

Test  VIII.  Flexibility.  Score  disguised  hands  (VIII,  1  and  2), 
first  and  second  attempts  each,  0,  1,  or  2,  according  to  amount  of 
change.  (See  samples  below.)  If  the  phrase  was  not  written  under 
2,  score  the  best  practice  attempt. 


I 


*•  •'  Mmmi  df  Diredibrts  1 1 

Score  Rapid  Imitation  of  Model  A  (VI 1 1.  3)  according  to 
quality  and  speed,  as  follows: 

Rate  the  quality  A,  B,  G,  D,  or  E  according  to  general  effect 
(see  page  12),  E  signifying  complete  reversion  to  the  subject's 
own  hand. 

Count  the  letters  written,  and  in  the  left-hand  column  of  the 
schedule  below  find  the  group  in  which  the  speed  of  writing  falls. 

Find  the  score  under  the  proper  letter  and  opposite  the  proper 
speed  group. 

Normal  i^g-  Test  VIII,  1  and  2 


\j(;^J^JiJ^      ^>t(^iXjU3       n     QUy^.^jU^^(t&^ 


Disguised.  Scored  0 


Normal 

Disguised.   Scored  i 


Normal 

Disguised.   Scored  2 


^  ^ 


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•     •••••• 


*  Manual  of  Directions 


13 


NUMBER  OF  LK'ITERS 
WRITTEN 

A 

B 

c 

D 

E 

147-42 

6 

6 

4 

2 

0 

41-21 

6 

4 

3 

1 

0 

20-10 

4 

3 

2 

0 

0 

Under  10- 

3 

2 

1 

0 

0 

Add  partial  scores  to  find  the  total  score. 

Test  VIII.  2.  Volitional  Perseveration.  The  score  on  this  trait 
is  determined  by  the  amount  of  time  spent  in  practice  on  the  dis- 
guise. From  the  number  the  examinee  records  in  the  blank  find 
the  score  according  to  the  table,  page  16. 

Test  IX.  Interest  in  Detail.  This  test  is  scored  on  the  success  of 
the  examinee  in  copying  the  writing  and  on  the  time  he  gives  to 
the  task  as  compared  with  his  speed  in  Rapid  Imitation  of  Model 
A  (VIII.  3).   The  scoring  procedure  is  as  follows: 

Rate  imitations  Model  A(IX,  1)  and  imitations  Model  B  (IX,  2) 
jointly.  A,  B,  C,  D,  E,  or  F,  according  to  accuracy  in  details.  Note 
about  fifteen  details  in  the  two  imitations,  —  such,  for  example, 
as  proper  placing  of  i-dot,  form  of  t-bar,  etc.,  —  and  penalize 
one  letter-grade  for  each  three  bad  failures.  The  crosses  on  the 
accompanying  illustration  show  the  sort  of  details  that  should 
be  noted  in  scoring.    Quality  A  means  no  penalizing. 


%yiX£i^^    ^y^MJl^    ^     £!..ia^+^ 


Find  the  difference  in  the  number  of  letters  written  for  rapid 
imitation  (VIII,  3)  and  for  slow  imitation  (IX,  1)  of  Model  A, 
and  in  the  left-hand  column  of  the  schedule  below  find  the  group 
in  which  this  number  falls. 

Under  the  proper  letter  and  opposite  the  proper  number,  find 
the  score. 


14 


Downey  Group  l^U-Temperament  Test 


DIFFERENCE  IN 

NUMBER   OF 

LETTERS 

A 

B 

c 

D 

E 

F 

36  &  over 

10 

9 

8 

7 

6 

5 

21-35 

9 

8 

7 

6 

5 

4 

12-20 

8 

7 

6 

5 

4 

3 

6-11  Note 

7 

6 

5 

4 

3 

2 

2-5  Note 

6 

5 

4 

3 

2 

1 

1  or  negative 

5 

4 

3 

2 

1 

0 

Note.  A  slight  difference  in  number  of  letters  written  in  VIII  and  IX  may  be 
due  to  preoccupation  with  detail.  If  the  quality  of  copy  is  A  or  B  for  imitations  in 
VIII  and  IX  and  less  than  22  letters  are  written  in  VIII,  score  10  for  Detail. 

Test  X,  Motor  Impulsion.  By  means  of  the  accompanying 
schedule,  score  writing  according  to  size  and  amount  written  as 
compared  with  normal  size  and  amount  written  at  normal  rate. 
Score  2,  3,  and  4  separately  and  then  obtain  the  mean  score. 


RATIO  OF 

letters 

GREAT 
MAGNI- 
FICATION 

(about 

50%) 

MODERATE 

MAGNI- 
FICATION 

(about 

25%) 

SLIGHT 
MAGNI- 
FICATION 

NORMAL 

SLIGHT 

DECREASE 

IN  SIZE 

GREAT 

DECREASE 

IN  SIZE 

110  or  over 

10 

10 

8 

6 

4 

2 

90-109 

9 

9 

7 

5 

3 

75-89 

8 

7 

6 

4 

2 

55-74 

6 

5 

4 

3 

2 

33-54 

4               3 

2 

2 

1 

0-32 

2 

1 

1                 1 

1 

To  score  each  trial,  note  the  size  of  the  writing  under  distrac- 
tion as  compared  with  normal  size.  Then  find  the  ratio  of  the 
number  of  letters  written  under  distraction  to  the  number  of 
letters  written  at  normal  rate,  by  dividing  the  former  by  the 
latter,  and  find  the  proper  score  in  the  schedule.  Take  the  mean 
of  these  for  the  final  score. 

Test  XL  Self-confidence.  Scored  on  number  of  items  doubly 
underlined.     See  table,  page  16. 

Test  XII.  Non-compliance.  Scored  on  nimiber  of  changes 
made  after  the  suggestion  has  been  given  by  examiner. 

Find  the  ratio  between  the  number  of  changes  actually  made 


•     ••••••• 


•       •  «  •  I 


Mdfiddl  of  Uirecfions  15 

(numerator)  and  the  number  of  changes  necessary  for  complete 
acquiescence  to  the  suggestion  that  "Eight  of  the  statements 
are  false;  eight,  true"  (denominator). 

The  latter  number  is  found  by  subtracting  from  8  the  number  of 
statements  marked  "false"  before  the  suggestion  is  given,  and 
shows  to  what  extent  memory  was  at  fault. 

Add  1  to  the  numerator  of  the  fraction  for  every  change  in 
which  the  original  decision  was  doubly  underscored  and  also  add  1 
for  any  change  in  marking  any  of  the  following  statements:  3,  4, 
5,  7,  9,  12,  13.  Tabulation  of  returns  has  shown  that  these  deci- 
sions are  rarely  revised.  Apparently  they  afford  little  chance  for  a 
rationalization  process  that  justifies  a  change. 

Example.  Suppose  a  subject  before  the  suggestion  is  given  marks  12  of  the  state- 
ments "true"  and  4  "false."  The  suggestion  that  8  are  "false"  brings  3  changes  out 
of  a  possible  4.  Two  of  the  items  changed  were  doubly  underscored  in  the  original 
marking;  the  ratio,  then,  is  5/4  or  1.25,  and  reference  to  the  norms  (see  table)  indi- 
cates that  the  score  would  be  4. 

Test  XIII .  Finality  of  Judgment.  Scored  on  time  spent  in 
rechecking  Test  I.     See  table,  page  16. 

THE  WILL-PROFILE 

The  will-profile  shows  in  graphic  form  the  scores  made  in  the 
various  tests.  To  plot  the  graph,  indicate  on  the  record  blank  the 
score  for  each  trait  by  placing  a  dot  on  the  line  labeled  with  the 
name  of  the  trait.  Then  connect  the  dots  with  a  line.  For  sample 
will-profiles  and  a  discussion  of  them,  the  publications  already 
referred  to  must  be  consulted. 


16 


Downey  Group  Will-Temper airient  Test 


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OCT  4 


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4921 2i 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CAUFORNIA  UBRARY 


